A Child’s Definitive New Theory of Gravitational Force and Energy
My name is Jim Carter. I am a sixth grade student at the Wickersham Elementary School in Buckley Washington. After playing many times on the Merry-Go-Round in the school’s play ground and then thinking about what I had experienced for a long time, I was able to develop my own mechanical model for a Theory of Everything. I created a new model for the measurements of Mass, Space, Time, and Gravity and their calculations for the parameters of Momentum, Force, and Energy in the mechanical Deceleration/Acceleration interactions of Electrons, Protons, Photons, and Gravity. This led me to a new interpretation of Antimatter from which I was able to construct a model for the creation and evolution of the Galaxies, Stars, Planets and Atoms in a living and growing Cosmos.
I created my story of A Living Cosmos without the help of anyone else. I didn’t read any physics books, get any advice from my teachers, or try to learn about anyone else’s theories. My final Theory of Everything is not based on any other preexisting existing assumptions or physics theories. It is being created entirely from my own measurements of the Deceleration/Acceleration of Angular Momentum I made on a school yard Merry-Go-Round. My story begins with my discovery that nothing exists in the Universe except two eternally conserved quantities of Pure Angular Momentum (protons and electrons) spinning in opposite directions at the rotational speed of light (C) on right angle momentum planes from one another. Pure Angular Momentum is all there is to physical reality and anything else that we can see, feel, measure, or imagine is just a property of its underlying conserved cosmic momentum. Protons and Electrons are opposite quantities of Angular Momentum and Photons are half Linear Momentum and half Angular Momentum received from their emitting atoms.
In fact, my story of A Living Cosmos is not really meant to be a new theory of physics because I do not use any of the metaphysical assumptions theories use to explain things that have not or cannot be measured. I am just using my own simple measurements Momentum, Force, and Energy to describe how the Universe works without assuming any phenomena or theoretical effects that I had not identified and measured as units of Linear, Angular, and Gravitational Momentum. All I do to tell this story is relate my measurements of Mass, Space, Time and Gravity to the Momentum exchanges between Galaxies, Stars, Planets, Battleships, Protons, Electrons, Photons, and Neutrinos.
Basically, the only experimental physics I learned from pushing and riding on the Merry-Go-Round was the Conservation of Angular Momentum and its production of Centripetal Force. This was all I was ever able to measure and as I thought about it over the years, I realized that this was all that any experimental physicists have ever able to measure with their whole array of sophisticated instruments.
The Motion of Mass and the Forces that moves it produces Quantities of Energy
This is all there is to Experimental Physics. Measurements of Momentum and Force and their calculations of Energy define and explain every interaction in the Cosmos down to its finest details. My model of A Living Cosmos ignores the many metaphysical assumptions of the Big Bang Theories. It is all based on my simple measurements of its Mass, Space, and Time to calculate exchanges its Linear, Angular and Gravitational Momentum.
The Momentum, Force, and Energy of a Merry-Go-Round
As the Merry-Go-Round sat still it contained no angular momentum except that contained within it atoms, then when I grabbed it and ran along side it began to spin and gain angular momentum. As I pushed to accelerate its Momentum, the Force of my push was being produced by the Deceleration my own Linear Momentum that I had acquired from running. When I stood on the edge of the spinning Merry-Go-Round I could feel the centripetal force pulling me towards its center as it spun and I realized that like all Force, it was the Force of Deceleration causing Acceleration. As I decelerated in one direction, I was accelerating in the opposite direction. Since intrinsic Deceleration or Acceleration cannot be determined with an accelerometer, I had to conclude that what I was feeling was an equal combination of deceleration and acceleration, that when combined together gave a single reading for their combined direction of accelerating Force.
One day, my teacher, Mr York was watching me spinning the wheel really fast and then jumping on. One time, I lost my grip and was throw off the wheel into the pea gravel surrounding it. Mr York came running over and picked my up. He told me not to go so fast or Centrifugal Force would pull me off the wheel again.
I thought about this and told him that what he called Centrifugal Force couldn’t be real because no Force could be involved in my falling off the wheel because a true Force always produces acceleration and I didn’t accelerate. A portion of my Angular Momentum was converted to Linear Momentum and the Force of Deceleration did not occur until I hit the gravel. He looked a little perturbed and told me Centrifugal Force was definitely real. Being a Christian, he told me that it was Centrifugal Force that David had used to kill Goliath. The Centrifugal Force of the stone twirling in David’s sling was converted into inertial Force and Kinetic Energy when the stone hit Goliath. When I tried to explain that he was wrong because of my new principle of measurement in which Goliath was killed from the Force of David’s decelerating rock. If centrifugal force had pulled me off the wheel, the path I made in the gravel where I fell would be straight out from the Merry-Go-Round’s radius and it was instead at right angles to the wheel’s radius.
He told me that not possible for me make any new Laws of Physics. The laws of physics had been well established long ago and could not be changed. After that, I kept to myself and never again looked to authority figures to answer any questions I might have about the measured dynamics of Mass, Space, Time, and Gravity. Mr York’s Centrifugal Force was only a theory based on a metaphysical assumption. Centrifugal Force is an idea for a physical effect that has no measurable parameters.
Deceleration/Acceleration > (Momentum > Force > Energy)
Deceleration of Momentum Produces Acceleration of Momentum Calculated as Kinetic Energy The Deceleration of Momentum is how we measure Mass, Space, and Gravity in a Living Cosmos. The Acceleration of Energy is how we measure Space and Time, and the measured value of Photon Angular Momentum (Iω = h/2π = MℓC/2π = 1.045 × 10-34 Joule sec) is the universal constant used for calculating the intrinsic values for Mass, Space, Time, Gravity, Energy, and Charge.
This is the Physics of Measurement I learned on the Merry-Go-Round and it is all there is to know about the experimental measurement of Mass, Space, Time, and Gravity. While these principles of measurement may seem quite simple to the reader, everyone including Galileo, Newton, Einstein, and Dirac got them completely wrong with their own backwards Accelerating Energy Paradigms of experimental physics.
Acceleration < Force > Acceleration (Energy > Force > Momentum)
Pure Energy creates the Force that accelerates Momentum
Their primary mistake was to leave intrinsic Deceleration out of their backwards Energy, Force, and Momentum equations because of their metaphysical assumption of Relative Motion. Their equation for relative Pure Energy (E = MC2) is backwards from my equation of conserved Pure Angular Momentum (Iω = E/M = C2). Mass and Energy cannot be physically separated. The are the complementary Yin/Yang components of Angular Momentum.
Using my simple new principles of measurement, that I called Accelerometer Physics, I began to develop a comprehensive theory of A Living Cosmos that was not based on anyone else’s theories but only on my own measurements of the deceleration/acceleration of momentum to calculate Energy. When I could not make my own measurements for things like the Linear Momentum of various cosmic photons, I relied on the results of Momentum and Energy measurements made by astronomers and other experimental physicists. However, I always ignored any theories these “authorities” might have used to describe the results of their measurements.
I Learned the True Nature of Gravity from Riding the Merry-Go-Round
The first thing I figured out from my Merry-Go-Round measurements was the true nature and direction of the Force and Motion of Gravity and it was opposite to the ideas that Newton and Einstein had proposed because neither had actually measured Gravity the way I had done. My new model of Gravity was based completely on accelerometer measurements of the Deceleration/Acceleration interactions of Momentum and Energy. This is the opposite of physicists like Newton and Einstein who selectively ignored accelerometer measurements of Force and Momentum and then imagined that these measurements are just “equivalent” to real acceleration and could therefore be neither real inertial acceleration or deceleration. Their Gravitational Energy theories are upside-down because of their backward Relative Energy Paradigm (Energy > Force > Momentum) of measurement that does not allow for the existence of Intrinsic Gravitational Deceleration .
After thinking about it for a while I realized that the Centripetal Force I felt on the Merry-Go-Round was exactly the same sensation as the of upward Force I felt while lying in bed and thinking about Gravity. The direction of this Force is both measured and imagined to point upward but there is no way for an accelerometer to tell whether a measurement of upward Force is Intrinsic Upward Acceleration or Intrinsic Downward Deceleration.
At first I couldn’t figure out how the Force of Gravity could actually work because Force cannot be produced by an acceleration. Force is only produced by the Deceleration of Momentum that then accelerates a mass to an equal and opposite momentum, the relative motion of which is calculated as Kinetic Energy.
For Gravitational Force and Motion to work as they have always been measured ever since Galileo, it cannot be the Force of accelerated Motion. It can only be the constant Force of the Deceleration (9.8 m/s2) of Earth’s upward Gravitational Momentum (p = 11,200 m/s). The conservation laws of experimental physics simply do not allow the Force of Gravity or any other Force to be produced by an acceleration. Acceleration can never be the cause of Force. Acceleration can only be measured as the result of Force. The physical Cause of all Force is the Deceleration of Momentum and the Effect of all Force is the Acceleration of Momentum. The duality of Force is created by the deceleration of momentum and consumed by the acceleration of energy. Momentum is eternal but energy only exists as a calculation during a momentary transfer of Momentum.
The gravitational energy of a stationary “falling” Body can only be measured at the ground as a deceleration of its relative momentum with Earth’s surface. When a Body is raised above Earth’s surface, it is decelerated to a lower value of Gravitational Momentum than it had at Earth’s surface. Then when it is released and “falls”, it remains stationary with Earth’s center as the upward Gravitational Momentum at Earth’s surface decelerates up towards it. When the upward Force of decelerating momentum at Earth’s surface strikes the stationary “falling” body, Kinetic Energy is transferred to the body from Earth’s surface energy produced by its decelerating Gravitational Momentum. The energy of a waterfall comes not from the “moving” water but from Earth’s rising Momentum.
Gravitational Force is always measured to be produced by the Deceleration of upward Gravitational Momentum and not by the Gravitational Potential Energy calculated from the Force of an imaginary Gravitational Field or Spacetime Continuum. Einstein imagined that gravity was caused by his perceived transforming curvatures of Space and Time relative to conserved Mass and I measure that Gravitational Force and Motion are the results of transformations in the absolute parameters Mass and Time while inertial Space remains imaginarily inert. Space cannot bend or curve because Space only exists as a constant in measurements of the relationship between Mass and Time. (p = Ms/T).
My Discovery of the Circlon Shape for Protons, Electrons, and Photons
After I had successfully described gravity with just measurements of momentum and no theories, I began to find many other areas of physics where I could explain and calculate natural phenomena with only physical measurements of momentum and no theories. After examining the many measurements that experimental physicists had made of the Forces, Momentum and Energy of the atoms and their Electron, Proton, and Neutron components, I was able to imagine and eventually observe the true structural shapes of Angular Momentum composing Electrons, Protons, and Photons. I called this shape the Circlon and illustrated it as two sets of concentric coils spinning in opposite directions at the rotational speed of light (C). Each set of coils contained equal and opposite quantities of conserved Angular Momentum with the Angular Momentum of Proton Circlons spinning in opposite directions and on right angle momentum planes from the Electrons. (E/M = C) + (E/M = C) = (E = MC2)
The Quintessential Symmetries of Circlon Momentum
By by studying the dynamics of the angular momentum within smoke rings and circular bubbles in water, I was able to determine that the Circlon structures of Protons and Electrons had to have five symmetries of conserved Momentum relative to Zero Momentum Rest to exist and remain eternally stable.
- Linear Momentum relative to Zero Momentum Rest
- Angular Momentum of Circlon Primary Coils
- Angular Momentum of Circlon Secondary Coils
- Gravitational Momentum of Circlon Structure
- Right angle opposite Momentum vectors of Anti-Circlons
A Positive Circlon (proton) is a single conserved one dimensional unit of Pure Momentum (MS/T) that is divided into two equal units of Angular Momentum that are at right angles to one another and a three dimensional unit of Gravitational momentum. A Negative Anti-Circlon (electron) is identical except that its conserved Pure Momentum vector is at right angles and to the opposite the momentum vector of Circlons (protons).
My Models for the Physical Structures of the Nuclei of the Chemical Elements
Once I had modeled Electrons, Protons, and Neutrons with the physical Circlon shapes of Angular Momentum, I had mechanical particles that I could easily piece together into schematic models showing the individual nuclear structures of the stable and unstable isotopes for each of the chemical elements. I went to the library at the University of Washington and found a book of a Table of Atomic Isotopes that listed the momentum measurements for hundreds of stable and unstable isotopes for all of the chemical elements.
From this list, I was able to mechanically fit together the Protons, Electrons, and Neutrons like nuts and bolts to make models of all the stable and unstable nuclear isotopes of each element. I did this without any of the metaphysical theories for the Strong, Weak, and Electromagnetic fields, or dynamic spatial dimensions such as Einstein’s Spacetime Continuum.
This process was actually very easy. Once I had assembled the nuclei of the first few elements and established a few structural rules, I was able to make models for the nuclear isotopes for all the elements and just one afternoon.
My Discovery of the Evolutionary Change in the Mass and Size of the Electron
After I had created accurate nuclear models for thousands of stable and unstable isotopes, I was able to then construct mechanical Circlon models illustrating the Momentum exchanges in Protons and Electrons as they emitted and absorbed Photons. I measured the conserved changes in Momentum and calculated the Kinetic Energies of Electrons, Protons, and Photons. Again, these were all mechanical interactions that did not include any theories of fields, dimensions, or a continuum.
The first thing I discovered from my momentum and energy measurements of Electrons and Protons and the Photons they emitted in A Living Cosmos was that today’s mass ratio of (e/p = 1/1836) between the Electron and Proton is not a universal constant and has been slowly increasing from a point in cosmic evolution when the ratio was less than (e/p = 1/-1.0).
I was able to confirm the existence of this new evolutionary process of Electron Transformation with the evolving momentum measurements of the Hubble Red Shifted Photons. These photons have less and less momentum the farther into the past they were emitted. Measurements of the Hubble Constant are actually calculations of decreasing Electron Mass and increasing Electron size. Measurements of the stable momentum of the 2.7K Cosmic Blackbody Photons show they were all emitted at the same time whereas the Hubble photons were emitted over the whole history of A Living Cosmos. I was also able to confirm the increasing electron/proton mass ratio from the many Gravitational Momentum measurements of Electrons and Protons that have been made in the laboratory since J.J. Thomson’s discovered the Electron in 1897.
The Evolution of the Electron/Proton Mass Ratio Gives Life to A Living Cosmos
Once I had a measurement for the evolving electron/proton mass ratio, I was able to use this phenomenon to construct an evolutionary history of the universe that I called A Living Cosmos. I constructed the dynamics of A Living Cosmos using only quantum mechanical measurements of Momentum and calculations Kinetic Energy. I ignored all of the many metaphysical assumptions and theories proposed by Big Bang Cosmologists.
I began my evolutionary story of A Living Cosmos with a single Anti-Hydrogen atom (A/P = 1836/1) sitting at a position of Zero Momentum Rest within an infinite void of imaginary space. This Anti-Atom contained the total conserved Angular Momentum (Energy/Mass = C2) present in the universe today.
My story begins when the Anti-Atom’s Antiproton/Positron evolving mass ratio reached (A/P = 145.6) and it collapsed into an Antineutron that then bifurcated into a pair of Antineutrons that rapidly moved apart into the cosmic void at near the speed of light.
Over billions of years, the Positron’s mass remained constant while some of the Antiproton’s angular momentum slowly transformed into Linear Momentum that slowly built up as vibrational energy within the structures of the two stable antineutrons until they became unstable and simultaneously bifurcated into four. These new particles moved apart in opposite right angle directions and then after another more billions of years they built up enough energy to bifurcated into eight.
As this extremely slow serial bifurcation process continued, it began to slowly speed up as the Antiproton/Positron mass ratio decreased. The time intervals between bifurcations became less and less and the separation velocities between the bifurcating particles grew slower and slower.
Galaxy Formation Came First, Followed by the Stars, Planets, Comets, and Atoms
The slow bifurcation process caused the particles to first become widely spread out into the cosmic void and then with increasing bifurcation rates and decreased separation velocities, they become confined to separate volumes of space that became today’s galaxies. As the process continued, the bifurcating antineutrons next became confined to individual spaces within the galaxies that would become stars. The bifurcation process continued to grow more rapid until the time between bifurcations was only fractions of a second and the antineutrons could barely move apart be for the next cycle.
The Living Cosmos bifurcation process continued for perhaps 256 cycles and then stopped abruptly when the Antiproton/Positron mass ratio reached (A/P = 1/+1.0) and the Antineutrons all transformed into (2256) ordinary stable Neutrons. I conceptually renamed the negative Antiprotons to Electrons and the now more massive positive Positrons to Protons
A Living Cosmos now contained many trillions of dense Neutron clouds that remained dormant for a long time as they consolidated into Neutron Stars. Then suddenly, the evolving electron/proton mass ratio reached (e/p = 1/146.5) and the mechanical links that held the Electrons and Protons together within the Neutrons was broken and all the Neutrons in A Living Cosmos simultaneously decayed into Protons and Electrons. These rapidly moving particles then began coupling together into atoms and neutrons and then began emitting the 2.7K Cosmic Blackbody Photons we still observe in the universe today.
Once the Neutron decay energies of the Protons and Electrons had become converted into Photon energy, the production of 2.7K photons stopped and the clouds of newly formed atoms began to cool and become organized into stars, planets, and comets. As the stars compressed from the force of decelerating gravitational momentum, they grew hot hotter and hotter until their light elements began fusing together into heavier elements and produced large quantities of nuclear energy that was eventually converted into starlight photons.
After these early evolutionary stages, a non-expanding Living Cosmos was formed in which only the measured size of the Electron was expanding and not the Universe at large. Otherwise, it was exactly like the universe we observe today.
The James Webb Telescope has recently observed several phenomena violated several of Big Bang theory’s primary assumptions. It observed some of the oldest galaxies at the far edges of the universe are composed of fully formed stars containing heavy metals. According to Big Bang theories, galaxies could not form that quickly and heavy metals could only have been created in second generation stars and supernovae.
Another recent discovery of the new telescope that defies Big Bang theory is giant empty void in the middle of the galaxies. However, an evolving Living Cosmos predicts just such an empty void at its center. When the bifurcation process began the fist two Antineutrons moved billions of light years apart before the second bifurcation sent these four antineutrons flying far apart at right angles. The third bifurcation sent eight particles off at right angles. As the process continued the particles began to form a ring around the cosmic center with none actually moving toward it. When the process finished after 256 bifurcations, a donut shaped Cosmos was formed with nothing at it enter. The James Webb observations are exactly what would be expected in A Living Cosmos.
My Gravity Cannon Toy to Prove the Existence of Decelerating Gravitational Momentum
Over the years since Galileo, many measurements of Gravity have been made in an attempt to validate one of the several different theories of Gravity that have been proposed by theorists. Both the Pound-Rebka experiment and the measurement of clock rates on (GPS) satellites seemed to completely verify Einstein’s Potential Energy Paradigm of Gravity. However, these same measurements can also be used to equally confirm and validate my Gravitational Momentum Paradigm. To solve this measurement problem, I designed a simple mechanical experiment that will give opposite measured results depending on which Gravitational paradigm is correct. My Gravity Cannon Experiment is designed to decisively differentiate between these two opposing models for the Up and Down directions of Gravitational Force and Motion.
The original idea for this experiment was proposed over four centuries ago by Galileo when he was trying to figure out what Gravity was and how it worked. He had dropped a cannonball and a musket ball from the top of the leaning tower of Pisa to measure Gravitational Motion. As he watched, he saw that both balls appeared to accelerate towards the ground at exactly the same speed and hit the ground at the same instant. While watching, he could also feel the ground accelerating his body upward. This led him to question what was actually moving? The balls did not appear to move at all while the ground was obviously moving upward.
Galileo’s Definitive Hole Through the Earth Experiment
To determine the true Up or Down direction of Gravitational Force and Motion, Galileo imagined drilling a hole through the center of Earth and then dropping a musket ball and a cannonball into the hole to see what would happen. If the cannonballs were really being accelerated downward into the hole from the stationary surface of Earth, they would accelerate down into the hole past Earth’s center and then decelerate up to the surface on the other side. They would then both fall back into the hole and accelerate and then decelerate back up to Galileo. To Galileo, this kind of seemed like magic. If gravity was really simply what Galileo had been measuring all along, then the cannon balls would remain motionless while Earth’s surface accelerated up and away from it. As Galileo imagined watching the second possible experiment, he felt the hole in the ground moving upward while he saw the balls “fall” into the hole and decelerate to a stop before reaching Earth’s Center of Gravity.
For obvious logistical reasons, Galileo was never able to perform his definitive test of Gravitational Force and Motion. Today, however, there are no such technical barriers preventing such an experiment from being performed. All we need is a Gold musket ball and a solid glass replica of Earth scaled down to the size of a basketball. The only real difficulty is that we would have to transport our Gravity Cannon into the gravity free environment of outer space before we can shoot it.
The Gravity Cannon is a simple and inexpensive portable device and the experiment could be accurately recorded with ordinary video cameras or even cell phones. The Gravity Cannon is basically ready to go. All that is needed is for someone like Elon Musk or Jeff Bezos to take a Gravity Cannon up in one of their spaceships and shoot it. When someone finally does shoot the Gravity Cannon, the shooter would be remembered as one of his history’s greatest experimental physicists.
The first shot could be broadcast live on cable and the internet as a worldwide media event. The people of the world could all watch on TV , computers and cell phones as the Cannonball moves down into the Gravity Cannon’s barrel and then learn, once and for all, how the mysterious Force and Motion Gravity actually work. The whole test would only take about half an hour and everyone could view the Cannonball either accelerate or decelerate down into the barrel. In this amount of time, the Cannonball would either accelerate down past the Cannon’s center, if Einstein imagined it right or if Galileo measured it right, the ball would appear to decelerate towards a stop as it approached the Cannon’s center.
There can be no ambiguity to Galileo’s Gravity Cannon test. One of its only two possible opposite outcomes will decisively determine whether Earth’s Gravity is caused by the Acceleration and Deceleration of Gravitational Potential Energy or if it is caused by the Deceleration of Earth’s upward Gravitational Momentum. Many years later, people from different parts of the world will inquire of one another and ask the question. Where were you when you saw the Gravity Cannon shoot down Einstein’s imaginary theories of Energy, Gravity and the Big Bang?
Gravitational Theory is Child’s Play
The true nature of Gravitational Force and Motion is a simple mechanical phenomenon that is continually experienced and easily understood by even the smallest of child. All children have learned everything they need to know about Gravity because they constantly interact with it on a second by second basis. They don’t look to the stars to learn about Gravity. They just feel the ground under their feet. The only unknown about Gravity for both children and scientists alike is whether the direction Gravitational Force and Motion points Up or Down. Is Gravitational Force a Cause or an Effect? The Gravity Cannon will reveal Gravity’s true temporal direction of Cause and Effect once and for all. Is the Kinetic Energy of a falling body produced by the “equivalent” Force of downward acceleration or is it produced by the measured upward Force of Earth’s decelerating Gravitational Momentum?
Once someone finally shoots the Gravity Cannon, it will change the nature and practice of Experimental Physics forever. However, the details for Theoretical Physicists will not be significantly changed. Their equations for Quantum Mechanics and Special and General Relativity will still work just fine for figuring out what they need to calculate. It will just be the same equations in a new Circlon Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics with backward calculations of Energy and an upside-down view of Gravity. Except for their different perspectives of Mass, Space,Time, and Gravity, the equations of theoretical and experimental physics will work perfectly well calculating the details of the same experimental measurements.
After they shoot the Gravity Cannon, all physicists will have to reinterpret their own measurements of (Momentum > Force > Energy) in opposite ways from their former calculations of (Energy > Force > Momentum). They will have to realize that only the deceleration of eternally conserved Momentum creates the momentary Energy of a Force and that Kinetic Energies only exist as calculations during momentary exchanges in Conserved Linear, Angular, and Gravitational Momentum.
Shooting the Gravity Cannon could easily save billions of dollars for governments and universities because scientists would no longer be able to negotiate a need to create complex and expensive experiments to determine the true nature of the interaction between Gravitational Momentum and Gravitational Energy.
The Gravity Cannon is a simple mechanical device with only one moving part. It measures Gravitational Momentum and calculates Gravitational Energy in a way that has never been possible with any other previous measuring devices. All Gravity experiments use a single accelerometer readings to calculate Gravitational Force and Gravitational Energy together as “relative equivalent motion”. The Gravity Cannon uses two separate sets of accelerometers to measure absolute Gravitational Force and relative Gravitational Energy separately.
In a Gravity Cannon, one or more accelerometers are placed at random locations on the surface of the Cannon’s glass sphere and another pair of accelerometers is placed on the top and bottom of the Cannonball. When the Cannonball is released, it will appear to accelerate down into the barrel. However, the accelerometers on the cannonball will not show any acceleration, while the randomly placed accelerometers on the Sphere’s surface will all register an exact acceleration that matches the Cannonball’s unmeasured “equivalent” downward acceleration as it begins to “fall” into the barrel.
Both Einstein’s Relative Energy Paradigm and my Absolute Momentum Paradigm predict the same accelerometer readings for a Gravity Cannon Experiment. The only difference is Einstein imagined that virtual changes in the absolute parameters of Space and Time will cause the Cannonball to continually move back and forth from one surface of the Cannon to the other with zero acceleration or deceleration being detected. In my Momentum Paradigm, both Cannon and Cannonball remain at inertial rest while intrinsic decreases in Mass and the rate of Time cause the spherical surfaces of both the Cannon and Cannonball to accelerate up and away from their centers at different constant rates. Einstein’s Gravitational Energy transforms Space and Time and my Gravitational Momentum transforms Mass and Time.
Philosophical Interpretations of Mass, Space, Time, and Gravity
The main problem Philosophers of Science have with the Gravitational Energy paradigm of Newton and Einstein is this: By what physical mechanism is Gravitational Potential Energy from within the Cannon able to transform into the Kinetic Energy of the Cannonball and then transform back into Gravitational Energy. How is this wavelike back and forth transfer of Kinetic Energy able to continue indefinitely without any loss to friction. Transfers between the production and consumption of Kinetic Energy are never measured to be 100% efficient.
This Paradox does not occur in my Gravitational Momentum Paradigm. The Gravitational Energy of falling bodies is measured as the Deceleration of Earth’s Upward Gravitational Momentum as they strike the ground. As in all measurements, Force is produced by Deceleration and then that Force is calculated as a Kinetic Energy. Two momenta are exchanged and calculated as separate Kinetic Energies.
In Einstein’s theory of falling bodies, he imagined that quantities of “equivalent” kinetic energy would first appear from and then disappear into the “fabric” of his imaginary Spacetime Continuum without any transfers of inertial Momentum ever being measured except when the falling body was first raised above Earth before its fall.
When a falling body, such as a (GPS) Clock is raised above Earth’s surface, it is actually being decelerated to a lower value of Earth’s upward Gravitational Momentum. This lower value of absolute Momentum causes the clock to run faster than it did at the surface. This has nothing to do with Einstein’s Relativity theories of potential energy in a spacetime continuum. He simply used the Lorenz formula for the calculation of conserved Linear Momentum.
As an accelerating clock’s Linear Momentum and Mass are increased, the spin and vibrations of its internal time keeping components are slowed in order to conserve their Angular Momentum. While Einstein may have calculated Time Dilation, he got the equation to due it from Lorentz and it is not really a part of his (E = MC2) Relative Energy theories of Photon and Gravitational Energy.
The Einstein Energy Hoax
While working on my model for A Living Cosmos, I realized from the very beginning that Newton and Einstein’s imaginary upside-down Energy Theories for the Force and Motion of Gravity and Photons was a scientific hoax that couldn’t be validated by any accelerometer measurements of Momentum. Now that my Living Cosmos principle of absolute Angular Momentum is mostly complete, I have put it all in a book called The Great Einstein Energy Hoax and am distributing it to Nuclear Physicists, Astrophysicists, and anyone else who wants to see the World as it is measured by Experimental Physicists instead of the paradoxical physical reality imagined by Newton, Einstein and other Theorists.